Per Diem is paid to military members (and civilian DOD employees) who are on official temporary duty (TDY) at a location other than their permanent duty assignment for more than one day (except if under "field conditions").
The amount of daily per diem a member receives depends on the location of the TDY. The daily per diem rate is the cost of lodging (up to the maximum lodging rate), plus the daily meal rate, plus the daily incidentals rate.
Below are the FY 2006 Military Per Diem Rates for CONUS (Continental United States) locations:

